The basics

What Is a CNA?

A Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) gives hands-on, everyday care to patients and residents under the direction of nurses. Most work in nursing homes and hospitals, and others work in assisted living and home health. Some states use a different title, such as Licensed Nursing Assistant (LNA) in New Hampshire or State Tested Nursing Assistant (STNA) in Ohio.

Patient Monitoring

Taking and recording vital signs like blood pressure and pulse, and reporting changes to the nurse.

Daily Living Support

Helping with bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting while protecting each person's dignity.

Mobility Assistance

Helping patients walk, turn in bed, and move safely between beds, chairs, and wheelchairs.

Getting certified

How to Become a CNA in 2026

The path is the same three steps in every state. The hours, fees, and exam company change from state to state, so check your state's page for the details.

1

Finish a State-Approved Program

Federal rules require at least 75 hours of training, including at least 16 hours of supervised hands-on practice. Many states require more. Missouri, for example, requires 175 hours.

ClassroomSkills labClinical hours
2

Pass the Competency Exam

The exam has two parts: a written (or oral) knowledge test and a hands-on skills test in front of an evaluator. Depending on your state, it is run by Prometric, Credentia, Headmaster, or another testing company.

Knowledge testSkills test
3

Get Listed on the Registry

After you pass, your name goes on your state's Nurse Aide Registry. You must be on the registry to work as a nursing assistant in a nursing home. You can also work in hospitals, assisted living, and home health.

Nursing homesHospitalsHome health
Nursing assistant helping an older patient
Before you apply

Qualifications and Skills

Requirements are set by each state and each training program. These are the ones you will see most often.

  • Minimum ageUsually 16 to 18, depending on the state and the program.
  • Background checkMost states and employers run a criminal background check. Certain convictions, such as abuse or neglect, can keep you off the registry.
  • Health screeningMany programs ask for a TB test, proof of immunizations, or a basic physical before clinical training starts.
  • EducationSome programs ask for a high school diploma or GED, and some only require a reading test. Check with the program.

Skills that help you succeed

CompassionClear communicationPatienceAttention to detailPhysical stamina

CNA work is physically active. You will be on your feet for most of your shift and will help lift, turn, and move patients.

Job outlook

A Career With Steady Demand

Nursing homes, hospitals, and home health agencies hire nursing assistants in every state. Most openings come from workers who move into other jobs, like nursing, or retire.

$42,260Median payPer year, or $20.32 an hour (May 2025)
1.5MJobsNursing assistants employed in the U.S. in 2025
3%GrowthProjected from 2025 to 2035, about as fast as average
203,300Openings a yearProjected yearly openings, nursing assistants and orderlies combined

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook and Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2025). See CNA pay by state.

Room to grow

The Path to Nursing

Many nurses start as CNAs. Working as a CNA gives you hands-on patient experience, and some nursing programs prefer or require it.

Step 1

CNA

Entry level. Training takes weeks, not years.

Step 2

LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse)

About 1 year of additional schooling.

Step 3

RN (Registered Nurse)

An associate's or bachelor's degree, about 2 to 4 years.